History and origin
The breed emerged in Germany at the end of the 19th century from regional herding dogs. Max von Stephanitz, who founded the studbook in 1899, bred to a single principle — usefulness. Within one generation the shepherd of flocks became the most widespread working dog in the world.
Temperament
Confident, even-tempered and steady of nerve. Bonds closely with its family and meets strangers with reserve rather than fear or aggression. It learns quickly and needs work — without a job it will invent one, and rarely the job you had in mind.
Care
Brush once or twice a week, daily while the undercoat is shed. The coat is the easier part: this breed needs mental work every day — training, tracking, obedience. A walk on its own is not enough.
Health
Hip and elbow dysplasia are the main concerns; breeding dogs are X-rayed and scored. Degenerative myelopathy is screened by DNA test, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is watched for. With a deep chest, know the signs of gastric torsion.
Who it suits
For an active household that gives the dog work and guidance. Good with children, though its size and movement knock small ones over easily. Demanding for a first-time owner — not in temperament, but in the time it asks for.
Original use
Versatile working, herding and service dog.
Current use
Police and military service dog, search and rescue, guide and assistance dog, sport dog and family companion.
- FCI number
- 1/1/166
- Country of origin
- Germany
- Original use
- Versatile working, herding and service dog.
- Current use
- Police and military service dog, search and rescue, guide and assistance dog, sport dog and family companion.
- Weight
- 22–40 kg
- Height at withers
- 55–65 cm
- Average lifespan
- 10–14 years